From the Land of the Rajas:

Creativity in Rajasthan

Artistic creativity in traditional India occurred within the context of the caste system.  In this hierarchical organization of identity and labor, an individual was born to an occupation and social position.  Most crafts and arts were thus created by hereditary professionals.  While some artists worked only for the princely court, many drew equal support from the merchants, craftspeople, and farmers.  Although the caste system is officially outlawed in modern India, much of its traditional practices continue, especially in rural areas.

Rajputs

The Rajputs (“sons of kings”) were the traditional rulers of Rajasthan (“land of kings”).  These warriors controlled large estates and kingdoms, based on agriculture and trade.  Following an ethic of military valor and honor, they constructed elaborate palaces, forts, and water works.

Tribal

About 12% of the Rajasthani population is tribal, nearly double the national average.  Commonly regarded as aboriginals who occupied India before the majority of the present-day population, they have, in fact, had a long history of cultural exchange with this dominant culture.  Once hunter-gatherers, most tribals are now largely herders and farmers.

(L) Manganiar musician and daughter
Photo by Shalini Ayyagari, near Jaisalmer, 2005–06

(R) Manganiar musician and son
Photo by Shalini Ayyagari, Jaisalmer, 2005–06

Brahmin couple
Photo by Shalini Ayyagari, Jaisalmer, 2005–06

Family outside house, with mural painting
Photo by Renaldo Maduro, 1969–70